LPR's Fundamentals of Medical Physiology by L. Prakasam Reddy is a comprehensive two-volume textbook designed for medical students in India, specifically aligned with the Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum. www.aibh.in

Recall Boxes and structured flowcharts for easier retention of "must-know" topics.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a condition in which stomach acid flows back up into the larynx (voice box) and pharynx (throat), causing symptoms such as hoarseness, cough, and throat clearing. LPR is a type of acid reflux disease, similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but with distinct physiological differences.

Curriculum Alignment: Newer editions, such as the 8th (2022) and 9th (2025), are strictly updated to follow the Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum. Key Features for Students

  • Lifestyle: weight loss, head-of-bed elevation, avoiding late meals, reducing trigger foods (fatty/fried foods, caffeine, alcohol).
  • Medical: acid suppression for acid-related disease; alginate formulations may reduce proximal refluxate exposure; limited role for prokinetics.
  • Behavioral/voice therapy: reduces throat clearing and cough, improves laryngeal function.
  • Surgery: anti-reflux procedures considered when objective testing shows pathological reflux and conservative measures fail.

Physiological Mechanisms of LPR

2.4 Diagnostic Physiology

The best resources cover diagnostic tests based on physiology, such as: