ICAO Doc 7910 is the International Civil Aviation Organization's official manual for location indicators, serving as the master database for the four-letter airport codes used in global flight planning and air traffic control.
This is useful for discovery. If you know the country prefix (e.g., O for the Middle East, M for Oman), you can look up all airports within that country. doc 7910 pdf
The takeaway: If you see an airport starting with K, you instantly know it is in the USA without looking at the map. Doc 7910 is essentially a giant, organized spreadsheet that defines all these boundaries. ICAO Doc 7910 is the International Civil Aviation
IATA Cross-References: Where available, it provides the corresponding three-character International Air Transport Association (IATA) codes for ease of reference. The PDF is not free – unauthorized distribution